Efektivitas Irigasi Nasal dalam Pencegahan Transmisi COVID-19

Aditya Leonard Tandio, Rus Suheryanto

Abstract


Pandemi COVID-19 telah mendorong penelitian untuk mereduksi atau mencegah transmisi. Penyebaran droplet dari saluran pernapasan menimbulkan tantangan dalam prosedur yang melibatkan saluran pernapasan. Penggunaan antiseptik dan larutan lainnya untuk irigasi nasal, mulai direkomendasikan untuk pencegahan transmisi COVID-19. Virus Korona menginfeksi sel host dengan ikatan glikoprotein virus dan reseptor ACE-2 host yang ditemukan paling banyak pada mukosa nasal. Transmisi SARS-CoV-2 dipengaruhi oleh tingginya viral load cavum nasi dan nasofaring sebagai potensi reservoir. Mekanisme kerja irigasi nasal adalah meningkatkan mucociliarry clearance, memperbaiki integritas sel dan menghambat apoptosis tergantung dari ion yang bekerja. Penggunaan sediaan povidone iodine 10% yang diencerkan menjadi 0.5% selama 15 detik sebelum melakukan insisi mukosa hidung di ruang operasi relatif aman dan direkomendasikan untuk menurunkan potensi transmisi. Produksi asam hipoklorid dapat ditingkatkan dengan irigasi nasal larutan isotonis atau hipertonis sehingga meningkatkan pertahanan imun terhadap replikasi virus. Namun, studi in vitro dan in vivo masih perlu dilakukan untuk melakukan evaluasi efektivitas penggunaan povidone iodine pada irigasi nasal untuk menginaktivasi virus korona.Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mencari cara menurunkan transmisi COVID-19 seperti penggunaan ACE-2 agonist atau ARB topical. Hingga saat ini, penggunaan irigasi nasal dalam memutus rantai transmisi harus dilakukan secara komprehensif dengan tindakan-tiindakan preventif lainnya dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri yang sesuai

Keywords


Irigasi Nasal; COVID-19; transmisi COVID-19

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